A global crisis

The world is facing an acute and rapidly accelerating climate crisis. With each passing year, the number and severity of heatwaves, hurricanes, floods, forest fires and other climate-related disasters is increasing, already disrupting the lives of millions of people. Despite the goal of the Paris Climate Agreement to limit global warming to 1.5°C, 2023-2024 for the first time saw 12 months above this level of warming. Despite this ominous warning, fossil fuel companies’ expansion plans keep threatening to kill more than millions before the end of the century.

For the world to still have a two-thirds chance to limit temperature rise to 1.5°C, global greenhouse gas emissions must be brought to net zero by 2050 latest, with over half of that reduction achieved by 2030. We are nowhere near. The latest IPCC and International Energy Agency reports are both crystal clear that this requires an immediate end to all new fossil fuel exploration and development, and a rapid phase-out of all remaining fossil fuel use, in line with a just transition to renewable energy use, leaving false solutions behind.

Linked to other crises

The climate crisis poses a huge threat to nature, with ever more forests being destroyed by wildfires or turning into savannah, tundras and alpine permafrost areas thawing, coral reefs bleaching and oceans getting both warmer and more acidic. These ecosystems are thus becoming uninhabitable for many species while also releasing even more greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.

A warming planet is also expected to face more pandemics. Changing weather patterns, forest fires and other climate-related habitat destruction will set animals on the move, from bats to rodents to mosquitoes, leading to contact between animals and with humans that normally don’t interact, physically bringing together pathogens and potential new hosts.

Above all, the climate crisis poses massive risks to people and communities globally, especially poor, marginalised and/or Indigenous communities who bear very little responsibility for causing the crisis. The consequences of global warming, including desertification and extreme weather, will lead to water and food scarcity, forcing many people from their homes, lands and livelihoods. Areas already affected by conflict will be disproportionately impacted.

Meanwhile, the fossil fuel industry that is at the heart of the climate crisis also impacts directly on human rights, as it penetrates Indigenous and communal lands for exploration and pollutes water and agricultural land. Even in the global North, its heavily polluting industries disproportionately impact poor, marginalised communities and especially communities of colour. Similarly, low-income and working-class communities disproportionately suffer the consequences of current spiking energy prices, and have less access to energy-saving measures. The welfare of fossil fuel industry workers worldwide must also be at the heart of any just transition towards a green economy.

Role of banks

Banks must play a key role in tackling the climate emergency. Despite all the rhetoric coming from fossil banks committing to become net zero by 2050, trillions of dollars in fossil bank finance still keeps the fossil industry afloat, and even helps expand it. No climate commitment of any bank is complete without a pledge to urgently and decisively phase out fossil finance and commit to financing a just transition, leaving false solutions behind.

Banks also act as financiers of other high-emitting business sectors, such as steel, cement, petrochemicals, manufacturing, aviation, construction, etc. They must use their leverage over clients to rapidly steer these industries to go fossil free, including by providing the finance for this transition.

What banks must do

The overall aim of the Banks and Climate campaign is to challenge fossil banks to become fossil-free banks, in line with a just transition that leaves false solutions behind.

To achieve this, banks must:

1. Stop fossil fuel proliferation finance: immediately stopping bank finance and facilitation to all new fossil fuel projects and companies still expanding fossil fuels

2. Plan a just fossil finance phase-out: publish 2025, 2030 and 2050 fossil finance phase-out targets for energy and industry in line with just transition principles, including clear dates for full fossil fuel divestment and absolute financed emissions reductions targets, and immediately start implementing the policy changes necessary to achieve such targets

3. Stop false solutions' proliferation finance: immediately stopping bank finance and facilitation to all false solutions projects and companies highly invested in false solutions

4. Fast track just transition finance: banks should aim for a 6:1 ratio of finance for real solutions vs fossil fuels by 2030, and immediately start implementing the policy changes necessary to achieve it

5. Conduct comprehensive Climate, Human Rights and Nature due diligence & reporting: throughout the cycle of a business relationship, banks should review on an ongoing basis the current records of clients and investees regarding climate and nature damage and human rights violations, and publicly and comprehensively report on all the previous steps.

What BankTrack does

Our Banks and Climate campaign works toward achieving 6 long-term goals:

1. Stop bank finance for coal (for + info, see "Banks and Coal" on the topics section below)
2. Stop bank finance for oil & gas (for + info, see "Banks and Oil & Gas" on the topics section below)
3. Fast track bank finance for a just energy transition (for + info, see "Banks and a Just Energy Transition" on the topics section below)

To achieve these goals we use the following tactics:

1. Mapping finance flows: we are part of the coalition behind the yearly state-of-the-art Banking on Climate Chaos report, publish multiple publications on the latest fossil bank developments on coal, oil & gas, and fossil steel, and do our own research to inform Dodgy Deal campaigning
2. Strengthen bank policies: our fossil exclusion tables provide an accessible tool for activists and other audiences. We also provide an up-to-date overview of Net Zero commitments and membership of industry initiatives including the Net Zero Banking Alliance. In combination with tools developed by partners like the Coal Policy Tool and Oil and Gas Policy Tracker, the exclusion tables and climate commitment monitoring are a key resource for pushing banks to strengthen their policies on fossil fuels and climate.
3. Target Dodgy Deals: we campaign in collaboration with affected communities and other partners for banks to address the negative impacts of fossil projects and companies, either by engaging to ensure the negative impacts are stopped, or by ruling out bank finance altogether.
4. Engage with banks: we directly engage with banks to raise standards, either in banks’ own policies or as part of financial sector initiatives. Together with partners, BankTrack has pushed initiatives like the Net Zero Banking Alliance, the Equator Principles and the Principles for Responsible Banking to strengthen their commitments on climate action. We also attend multiple Annual General Meetings (AGMs), regularly bringing frontline defenders along to make the case for fossil free banking.
5. File complaints: we have filed a complaint over Standard Chartered’s coal financing, in a move to increase our to leverage through existing useful grievance mechanisms like the OECD’s National Contact Points for Responsible Business Conduct
6. Strengthen movements: with research, training, tools and collaboration. BankTrack’s website provides an extensive database of bank policies, finance data and Dodgy Deal information for civil society to use. Our Fossil Banks No Thanks Platform provides an entrypoint for campaigners to get informed, trained, connected and coordinated with other groups and organisations targeting banks. We are part of campaign coalitions including Fossil Free Finance Campaign, Toxic Bonds Initiative, Beyond Fossil Fuels, Beyond Gas, and the European Responsible Investment Network (ERIN).

Reclaim Finance tracks the coal, oil and gas policies of financial institutions, including banks, in their Coal Policy Tool and Oil and Gas Policy Tool. The below shows the assessments for commercial banks. The table can be filtered by Country and for NZBA membership (more on that see here). For more information about the tool and methodology, see www.oilgaspolicytracker.org

Oil and Gas Policy Tool

Coal Policy Tool

Feedback welcome

Our policy assessments are always a work in progress and we very much welcome any feedback, especially from banks included in them. You can of course also contact us for more information on specific scores and the latest policy changes. Please get in touch at climate@banktrack.org.